Hair loss is a common issue that affects both men and women. While genetics play a big role, there are also various medications available to treat hair loss. However, as with any medication, potential side effects need to be considered before starting treatment. In this article we talk about whether there are any side effects to popular hair loss medications.
Minoxidil
One of the most well-known hair loss treatments is minoxidil. This topical medication originally came on the market as an oral medication for high blood pressure. However, patients noticed it had the unexpected side effect of excessive hair growth. Further research led to the development of topical formulations to treat hair loss. The over-the-counter liquid or foam is rubbed directly onto the scalp twice per day.
Most people tolerate topical minoxidil very well. However, some potential side effects to be aware of include:
– Scalp irritation – Redness, dryness, flaking, burning or itching of the treatment area may occur. This typically resolves with continued use. If severe, contact your doctor.
– Excess facial/body hair growth – Minoxidil is a hair growth stimulant and can cause extra hair to grow if the medication drips onto other parts of skin. Be careful when applying.
– Low blood pressure – There may be a slight drop in blood pressure. This should not be an issue unless you already suffer from low BP.
– Heart palpitations – Some users report a temporary rapid or irregular heartbeat after application.
Additionally, be sure to wash hands thoroughly after application to avoid inadvertent ingestion if touching the mouth area.
While not overly common, those with heart conditions or low blood pressure should check with a doctor before using.
Finasteride
Finasteride is an oral medication that treats male pattern baldness. It works by blocking the hormone DHT which causes follicles to shrink. The medication is typically taken once per day in pill form.
Potential finasteride side effects include:
– Decreased libido – Loss of interest in sex has been reported in 3-16% of men in studies. Effects may linger even after stopping the medication.
– Erectile dysfunction – Up to 7% of trial participants reported problems achieving or maintaining an erection. This side effect may also stick around after discontinuation.
– Ejaculation disorder – Decreased volume of ejaculate, pain or trouble ejaculating are possible. This goes back to normal after finasteride is no longer taken.
– Gynecomastia – Rarely, men may develop enlarged breast tissue which goes away once medication is stopped.
Additionally, some men report feeling depressed, anxious or experiencing brain fog while taking finasteride. Due to potential sexual side effects, women should not take or even handle broken/crushed tablets. Make sure to thoroughly wash hands after touching.
While the vast majority of men tolerate finasteride well, it’s important to let your doctor know if any worrisome symptoms develop. Periodic blood work helps monitor for problems. Some side effects could signal more serious issues.
Ketoconazole
Ketoconazole is a topical antifungal medication also used to treat dandruff and hair loss. It comes as a shampoo and helps thin existing hair grow faster and thicker. It may also prevent further hair loss.
Potential ketoconazole shampoo side effects include:
– Scalp dryness or irritation – Redness, flaking, stinging or itching may occur but often improves with continued use. Make sure to rinse hair thoroughly after application.
– Eye irritation – Care should be taken to avoid getting shampoo in eyes as it may cause redness or burning.
Additionally, those with liver disease should check with their doctor before using ketoconazole as it can rarely cause liver inflammation.
Since ketoconazole makes hair more sensitive to light, be extra careful about sun exposure or use sunscreen after washing to avoid unexpected burning.
Spironolactone
Spironolactone is an oral medication used to treat female pattern hair loss. While not FDA approved for hair loss, it works by blocking androgens like testosterone which damage hair follicles. The medication is usually used long-term for hair regrowth.
Potential spironolactone side effects include:
– Irregular periods – Changes in menstrual bleeding including spotting between periods may occur. Periods may briefly stop altogether.
– Breast tenderness – Some women notice breast soreness or swelling while taking spironolactone.
– Frequent urination – The medication is a diuretic meaning it removes excess fluid. Prepare to pass more urine, especially initially.
– Dizziness/headache – Some patients report feeling lightheaded or developing headaches, especially with standing. Stay well hydrated and rise carefully from sitting/lying.
– Hyperkalemia – Spironolactone can cause increased blood potassium levels which require monitoring via blood work. Unmonitored, this may cause abnormal heart rhythms.
Additionally, birth defects make spironolactone unsafe during pregnancy. Therefore, those trying to conceive or who could become pregnant should avoid this medication. Patients with kidney impairment may require dose adjustments.
The Bottom Line
While hair loss treatments provide hope to the millions coping with thinning hair, each medication does come with potential side effects worth noting. However, most people tolerate the various treatments well.
Pay attention to any unusual symptoms that develop once starting a new hair loss medication. Be sure to follow up regularly with your prescribing doctor. They can monitor your health via exams and bloodwork to catch any problems early. Finding the most effective hair loss regimen always requires balancing potential benefits and risks. I sincerely hope you find this “Are There Any Side Effects to Popular Hair Loss Medications?” article helpful.