Hair loss can be a distressing experience, especially when it occurs suddenly and in large amounts. One of the most common causes of temporary hair shedding is telogen effluvium, a condition triggered by illness, stress, or other significant life events. Understanding this condition can help individuals manage and cope with the effects while taking steps toward recovery.
What is Telogen Effluvium?
Telogen effluvium is a type of hair loss that occurs when a large number of hair follicles enter the telogen (resting) phase prematurely, leading to excessive shedding. Normally, about 85-90% of hair follicles are in the anagen (growth) phase, while 10-15% are in the telogen phase. However, stressors can disrupt this balance, pushing more hair follicles into the resting phase, leading to noticeable thinning.
Causes of Telogen Effluvium
Several factors can trigger telogen effluvium, including:
- Physical or Emotional Stress – Significant stress, such as the loss of a loved one, major surgery, or an accident, can contribute to hair loss.
- Illness and Infections – Severe infections, fevers, or illnesses, including COVID-19, have been linked to telogen effluvium.
- Hormonal Changes – Pregnancy, menopause, or thyroid disorders can disrupt hair growth cycles.
- Nutritional Deficiencies – A lack of essential nutrients such as iron, zinc, or protein can weaken hair follicles.
- Medications – Some medications, including those for blood pressure, antidepressants, and chemotherapy, can cause temporary hair shedding.
- Rapid Weight Loss or Dietary Changes – Sudden dietary changes or extreme weight loss can deprive the body of vital nutrients, impacting hair growth.
Symptoms of Telogen Effluvium
- Increased hair shedding, especially when washing or brushing
- Hair thinning, particularly on the scalp’s top and crown
- No visible bald patches (unlike alopecia areata)
- Hair loss that starts weeks to months after a triggering event
Diagnosis and Treatment
A dermatologist can diagnose telogen effluvium by reviewing medical history, examining hair shedding patterns, and conducting tests such as the pull test or scalp biopsy if necessary.
Treatment options include:
- Addressing Underlying Causes – Treating deficiencies, managing stress, or adjusting medications can help restore normal hair growth.
- Healthy Diet and Supplements – Ensuring adequate intake of iron, biotin, and protein supports hair regeneration.
- Scalp Care – Gentle hair care routines, avoiding harsh chemicals, and using mild shampoos can prevent further damage.
- Patience and Time – Telogen effluvium is usually temporary, and hair regrowth occurs within 3-6 months as follicles re-enter the growth phase.
When to See a Doctor
If hair loss is persistent, severe, or accompanied by other symptoms such as itching, redness, or scalp pain, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional to rule out other conditions like alopecia areata or androgenetic alopecia.
Final Thoughts
Telogen effluvium can be an alarming yet temporary condition. By identifying triggers and maintaining a healthy lifestyle, individuals can promote hair regrowth and overall scalp health. If concerns persist, seeking professional advice can provide reassurance and appropriate treatment options.